Antigone Aristotle

Samaritan Albert Mr.. Jordan Antigen Fear/Pity Fear and Pity Shown In Antigen The Greek Philosopher Aristotle characterized disaster as a type of dramatization that summons dread and pity in the crowd. The deplorable play Antigen clashes that definition in light of the fact that in spite of the fact that pity Is evoked all through the play, current crowds experience issues encountering dread since they neglect to recognize the job destiny plays In their regular day to day existences. Toward the finish of the play pity can be felt towards Croon on the grounds that his significant other and child kicked the bucket and It was his fault.When Croon discovers they passed on he shouts, â€Å"Oh feel sorry for! All obvious, and beyond what I can manage. Goodness my significant other, my son† (109-111). Both Creek and current crowds can identify with the agony, feeling of misfortune, even blame felt when a friend or family member bites the dust. Pity could be evoked in either crowd thr ough this connection. In spite of the fact that pity can be felt for Croon by either crowd, present day crowds make some hard memories encountering dread while understanding Antigen. When Croon understands his defeat had come, he says, â€Å"Whatever my hands have contacted has come to nothing.Fate has carried all my pride to an idea of dust† (137-138) The notice of destiny causing the destruction of a remorseful man would have caused dread in Greek crowds since they understood the job destiny played in their lives and that everybody is bound to a specific destiny that is wild. Present day crowds frequently feel just as they can control their own destiny, which is the reason they regularly experience difficulty understanding the dread any disaster should bring out in them. Pity can be felt for Antigen when Screen's men discovered Policies body and took Antigen to Croon.When the guard returns Antigen to Croon he says, â€Å"Just along these lines, when this young lady found t he exposed carcass, and all her affection's work squandered. She sobbed, and cried on paradise to damn the hands that had done this thing. And afterward she brought more residue and sprinkled wine multiple times for her sibling's ghost† (38-42). This can totally make any crowd have sympathy for Antigen since she put her family over the state, realizing she could get in a difficult situation, and in light of the fact that she gets In inconvenience, feel sorry for Is evoked in either audience.Pity could likewise be felt for her since she burled her sibling and it was demolished. Regardless of the way that pity can positively be felt for Antigen by both present day and Greek crowds the same, dread for her can't really be felt by current crowds. Close to the furthest limit of the play Antigen says, â€Å"You would imagine that we had just languished enough over the revile on Oedipus: I can't Imagine any sorrow that you and I have not gone through†(2-5) This would inspire dr ead In a Greek crowd since they accepted more In condemnations and destiny than a cutting edge crowd would.Greek crowds would feel dread for Antigen since they accept that the scourge of Oedipus would prompt her death. Present day crowds accept less n reviles and destiny than a Greek crowd would so they would not feel a similar dread a Greek crowd would feel while understanding Antigen. Hansom's circumstance could summon feel sorry for all through present day and Greek crowds since he battled to spare his arms about her midsection, deploring her, his adoration lost underground, shouting out that his dad had taken her away from him† (6(:)- 63) Either crowd could identify with the sentiments Hammond is experiencing.Even in the event that they can't relate precisely, they despite everything feel distress for him since he is clearly disturbed. While Hammond brings out a lot of pity all through the play, he doesn't summon dread into the crowd. Dread may be evoked into a Greek crowd when Croon says to Hammond, â€Å"Let her discover her significant other in hellfire. Of the considerable number of individuals in this city, just she has hatred for my law and broken into it. Do you need me to show myself powerless before the people?Or break my sworn word? No, and I won't. The ladies dies† (23-28) This may have evoked dread in Greek crowds in light of the fact that Croon is blowing up and won't let Antigen live. This would concern a Greek crowd more than present day crowds in light of the fact that the scourge of Oedipus would make Antigen kick the bucket at any rate, and Greek crowds would recognize that her demise would be the destiny foreordained due to the curse.Modern crowds would not recognize that her destiny would be the reason for her passing because of the revile and that Screen's choice fixed her destiny, so they wouldn't feel dread. In outline, Aristotle definition would be right for the Greek crowds of his time, yet not for present day crowds. While Antigen brings out pity in either crowd, it doesn't inspire dread into present day crowds as a result of their absence of recognizing the job destiny plays in their lives.

Historic tenets of urban planning Essay

The Third World Cities have seen extra-conventional development in their urban extension since 1950. The world 10 most crowded urban communities are situated in the underdeveloped nations. The urbanization has changed the lifestyle for the individuals living there. On one side these megacities have gotten monetary monster for their nations, on other they have likewise made issues, for example, infection, clogged traffic, contamination and sacristy of assets with an immense hole among haves and have not. As these urban areas are spontaneous and this urbanization is an unexpected encounter, it is normal for the Third world nations to be encircled by these overcoming inconveniences, except if they pick the exit plan. Notable fundamentals of urban arranging The proof of urban arranging can be discovered the old societies, for example, Roman and Greek urban areas and in old urban areas in India and Egypt also. The Indus human progress in Pakistan is perceived as the primary human advancement to have a totally evolved urban arranging. In 2600 BC, before the appearance of Harapa and Mojodharo, the modest communities developed into greater towns and inevitably became urban areas with a huge number of individuals living in. These individuals didn't have horticultural society as their urban communities portrays, indicating a homogenous culture, anyway diapered out of nowhere from the course of history with their urban communities still flawless. These urban communities are very much arranged and follow a predictable structure, which obviously shows that they were worked by a cognizant arrangement, and is viewed as the principal created urban arrangement. Likewise the Romans used to manufactured their urban areas as indicated by an appropriate city plan, with military and common barrier and numerous European urban communities despite everything seem to follow that design. In their arrangement, the city has a focal court or market, which is encircled by avenues and dividers with alternate routes to stop the ideal opportunity for walkers and regularly the city, has waterway or stream in the inside to give water and complete sewage of the city (Crouch, 2003) During the last 200 years the Western world urban arranging has experienced broad changes in its arranging and plan. In the mechanical age, the control of the city was held by the well off not many, while the remainder of the populace lived in ghettos and sewage. In the twentieth century a development began to change this urban structure and to give sound condition to its kin. In this way emerged the idea of nursery city, which were little in size yet were fundamentally model towns with barely any thousand individuals. In the mid 1920s the idea of current city develops, for example, Paris yet they were decimated during World Wars (Gaffikin, 1999). It was simply after WWII that the new urban communities began to come to fruition place, anyway it was not until 1970s, that modest square development made a simple and proficient method of making new structures. The principle goal of the idea of present day arranging is to manage the structure exercises and set the cutoff points on building and neighborhoods. As per Hopkins (2001) the postmodern arranging is made out of the accompanying fundamental components: Esthetics Planning In postmodern urban plans, the most basic component is paying attention to style more, which intended to add magnificence to homes and building. The significant part of a city arranging is zoning, augmenting and dealing with the utilization of land and pace of urban turn of events. Wellbeing The houses in present day urban plans are intended to join well with existing metropolitan administrations. The urban communities extraordinary zones are arranged such that such threats can be defused and houses in such territories are outfitted with crisis activity and secure clearing habitats. Transport Planning A decent urban arrangement has very much evolved transport framework which take into account the necessities of it suburbanites. Great vehicle framework evades traffic clogs and viably conveys suburbanites into various pieces of the city without issue. Also, cars in a city are appropriate it meets its necessity, for example, roomy streets and leaving paths, which can deal with traffic in times of heavy traffic. Viable Sub-urban Planning An effective urban arrangement carries advantage to bigger city zone by making the towns and urban condition extensive. Arranging and the earth In cutting edge urban or town arranging models, dealing with biology is inescapable. The cutting edge urban arranging incorporates fields and gardens to keep indigenous habitat predictable with the city.

How to Best Manage Your Time as Entrepreneur

How to Best Manage Your Time as Entrepreneur Time management is one of the key skills entrepreneurs need to manage. When starting a new venture, there are a million things that need to be done and only 24 hours in the day, so effective time management plays an important role in determining how much gets done. © Shutterstock.com | Champion studioIn this article, we examine 1) reasons for bad time management, 2) learning to manage your time: tips, and 3) learning to manage your time: tools.REASONS FOR BAD TIME MANAGEMENTDistractionsDistractions come in all shapes and sizes. It could be something as simple as not having a specific work space, which means you’re putting up with noise or other people that distract you from work. It could be social media and the constant pull that makes people check their email and messages every few minutes.When we give in to distractions, we’re taking our attention away from the important task at hand. Deliverables are no longer met, and the day gets wasted in a never ending litany of checking emails, replying to texts, and you cannot get a good rhythm going to achieve anything.According to a study by Clifford Nass et al. at Stanford, “multi-taskers” are much more likely to get distracted than those people who complete one task at a time.“They’re suckers for irrelevancy…everything distracts them.” Multi-taskingAs mentioned earlier, multi-tasking can actually program your brain to get distracted much more easily. But multi-tasking may not be the boon many entrepreneurs think it is.When you perform multiple tasks that each require some of the same channels of processing, conflicts will arise between the tasks, and youre going to have to pick and choose which task youre going to focus on and devote a channel of processing to it, says David Meyer, a cognitive scientist who has been at the forefront of research on how the brain deals with multi-tasking.What his work has revealed is that the human brain is incapable of processing two streams of thought at the same time. It cannot simultaneously address two different actions, the way a computer can, making “true” multi-tasking impossible.You might think that this isn’t true for you, but even when you’re talking on the phone and writing a list of things down, you’re a ctually switching between the two tasks. You cannot do both tasks at the same time. Meaning, you cannot carry out a conversation and make a list at the same time without compromising on one of them. ProcrastinationProcrastination itself is caused by many different factors: being distracted, not prioritizing, indecisiveness, fear and avoidance, or confusion. Everyone is given to procrastination, and sometimes it can be good to put a task off to handle it another day â€" after you’ve had some time to ponder over it. But habitual procrastination can result in nothing getting done, day after day. Endless Lists of To-DosWhile lists can help prioritize the day, endless lists do the opposite. You know what that looks like. A list so long that nothing ever gets done.Making lists is not difficult. The challenge lies in making lists that help you tackle tasks instead of making them overwhelming. The tools you use, and the way you manage each list can help make or break your day. Never endin g lists can be a huge waste of time, not only while you’re making them but also while you’re trying to figure out how to get through them. Badly Planned DaysIt takes time to figure out the most effective way to utilize your day. Most people spend their entire day taking care of things as they come up, burning out before mid-day and while not having had a chance to address any important tasks. This is the result of not setting yourself up for success by planning your day out in advance, prioritizing the important tasks and taking care of them while you’re still fresh.In  CEO Logic: How to Think and Act Like a Chief Executive, C. Ray Johnson summarizes:Prioritizing is the answer to time management problems not computers, efficiency experts, or matrix scheduling. You do not need to do work faster or to eliminate gaps in productivity to make better use of your time. You need to spend more time on the right thingsLEARNING TO MANAGE YOUR TIME: TIPSPrioritizeHow you prioritize your day, or your to-do list, depends largely on your perception of what is more important. No one can tell you how to prioritize your time, and many people have to work this out for themselves. However, most people will agree that you can easily divide most tasks into three lists: urgent important, important but not urgent, and neither important nor urgent.Keeping this in mind, you can start planning your day around your priorities. Make sure your to-do list first addresses the urgent important tasks, then those that are important but not urgent, and the fillers in your time can be the tasks that are neither urgent nor important (although some of these can be easily delegated).Complete the most important tasks firstHow many people start their day by checking their email, reading the news, and spending time catching up on social media? Most of us. Unfortunately, most of these tasks are not priority A in your list of things to do. The first you do, when you workday starts, should be wha tever is most important to accomplish that day. If it’s writing a blog-post, then you should do that before you start catching up on news. Whatever the task, take care of it before you get bogged down or distracted by less important things.Block off time for difficult tasksLet’s say you have to spend a considerable amount of time thinking about a new company structure. This is something that is extremely important, yet most people will not think to schedule time off for this in their calendar. By blocking off X amount of time in your calendar for an important or difficult task, you make sure to address it on time and give it the time it deserves. You sometimes have to schedule appointments with yourself, where all you do is think or plan, to make sure you keep moving ahead in your career.Schedule time for interruptionsWho hasn’t gotten a phone call in the middle of their day? Or had to talk to an employee about something that wasn’t previously planned in the calendar? Schedu le time for interruptions during your day by setting aside one or two hours when you plan to return phone calls, answer emails, or deal with colleagues and employees without being dragged away from something important.Address similar tasks togetherHave sales emails to send? Draft and send them together. If you have writing to do, set aside a block of time to do all the research together. By grouping together tasks that need to be done in the same way, you save time. You’re thinking along the lines of let’s say sales emails, so by adding other similar tasks you’ll get everything done much faster because you’re already thinking about sales and how to improve sales emails. This means you don’t have to re-orient your mind back to sales later in the day or week if you take care of all similar tasks now.Plan aheadThink ahead. Not just for long-term planning, but also prioritizing your week or day. On Friday, figure out the deliverables for the coming week, and write down a list of things you want to get done. Every night, between Monday and Thursday, sit down and plan the next day’s three most important deliverables. This way, you come into work knowing exactly what needs to be delivered that day, so you can get right to it.Plan around your energy levelsSome people are best suited to taking care of creative tasks early in the day. Others like to address them when they’ve had time to settle into the day. Figure out when you’re at your best, in terms of how much attention you can give work. Maybe you work best after you work-out, or after you’ve had your morning coffee. Maybe you work best at night. Plan around your energy levels and get the most out of your day.DelegateDelegating tasks that are priority three on your lists (not important and not urgent) is an effective way of getting more time back in your day. Besides these tasks, there might be other repetitive administrative things you can hire a virtual assistant for. Make a list of all you do i n your work day, and make a list of all the things someone else can take care of (if trained properly). Then take out some time to train someone to take care of these things for you.[slideshare id=30843946doc=timemanagementessentials-140205053603-phpapp01]LEARNING TO MANAGE YOUR TIME: TOOLSTo-Do Lists: Any.DoA multi-platform award winning to-do list app, Any.do allows you to create tasks, add deadlines, add location based reminders and even share lists with people. The interface is easy to use, and you can even dictate your to-do list. The app is available on Android and iOS, but you can also download a Chrome extension, or use the web interface (all of which are synced seamlessly). Free to use, but you can add additional features in the premium version. Any.do also works from within Gmail, allowing you to add tasks directly from the Gmail inbox window. Note-taking: EvernoteEvernote offers unique solutions to almost all kinds of note-taking. Available via the web platform, desktop o r through your phone, you can create notebooks (which can contain hundreds of notes in them), add tags, and search seamlessly through all your saved notes. There are many ways to move to a paperless note-taking system using Evernote, with people using the platform to save all their invoices, archive emails, track recipes, and even keep a hold of all the research done on a project. Simply create a new notebook and start adding notes to it (even via email) in one click. Evernote is free to use, but you can upgrade to extra storage if you want to. Bookmarking: PocketDue to the amount of content shared on social media, we often come across multiple articles we want to read but do not have the time to. Enter, Pocket. Available on smartphones/tablets as an app or via the web platform, you can keep a copy of all saved articles (in a simplified, reading friendly form) allowing you to read them when you have time. From within the app, you can share or email them as you wish. Adding articles is just as simple, on an iOS device, simply hold down while clicking on a URL and you get an option to save it to Pocket. A chrome bookmarklet gives you the same functionality. Calendars: CalWhile the default calendar in most people’s life is either their Google Calendar or their Outlook Calendar, Cal is a great option as well. It syncs seamlessly with Any.Do (so all your tasks with dates assigned end up in the right slots automatically) and allows you to import other versions of calendar (for example Google). The app is simple and easy to use, and also allows for a Facebook sync so you can add people’s birthdays. Focus: Focus BoosterFocus Booster is a digital Pomodoro. Want to get through your list of tasks quickly? Use Focus Booster to track time spent on specific client’s tasks, or even get a little more focus in your day. It relies on the Pomodoro technique, which tells you to work for 25 minutes and then take a 5 minute break. With Focus Booster, the app does this for you by setting a 25 minute stopwatch which resets after 25 minutes for a 5 minute break. There are both free and paid versions.Email Management: Mailbox, Sanebox and BoxerThere are many different email management apps out there. Most people are perfectly happy to use the native Mail app in their phone, or use the Gmail app, but we’re highlighting three that allow you to get to Inbox Zero much more consistently.MailboxMailbox is a free, yet powerful app that allows you to add Yahoo/Gmail/Google App email addresses to a combined inbox. You can swipe right or left to archive, delete, add to list or have an email bounce back at a later time. This allows you to go through your entire email list in one go, marking important emails so that they pop back in your inbox at a time later that day (or week, or month) depending on when you want to get to them. SaneboxSanebox is a paid app and software that prioritizes important emails, and moves un-important emails (based on your patterns of inter action with similar mails) to a folder you can address when you have more time. BoxerBoxer has both free and paid versions and it allows you to add non-Gmail/Outlook accounts (for example, from your website host). While it doesn’t sync as well as Mailbox does, it has an impressive list of features, including integration with Evernote (swipe to send emails to your Evernote notebook) and other tags. You can setup what each swipe (right/left, long/short) does.Figuring out the best tools and tips that help you better manage your time is a matter of trial and error. The way to start is by taking notes and working around habits, and then addressing which habits you need to change and which tools can help you change them. © visual.ly | time-management-facts-figureImage credit:  Visual.ly.

Christina Rossettis Poetry Controlled and Passionate Essay

Christina Rossettis Poetry: Controlled and Passionate Rossettis poetry has been described as both controlled and passionate. Making clear what you understand by the terms discuss which of these two views you have more sympathy with and why. Refer closely to at least three of the set poems. Christina Rossetti poetry uses concise structures but through these she expresses immense emotion; in this respect her poetry can accurately described as both controlled and passionate yet the two words are almost a paradox as passion is frequently seen to be at odds with controlled tight structures. Other poets have also followed in Rossettis footsteps by combining tight structured poetic forms with emotion e.g. Dylan Thomas.†¦show more content†¦The poem sits easily on a page and is visually satisfying, although this is in part due to the visual rhymes previously mentioned. This appearance though is false as the poems content is analysed but reinforces the theme of appearance and reality in the 4th stanza. Again, the controlled use of structure can be seen as adding to the poems passion showing a masterful combination of the two. The repetition of and permutations on the line: my heart is breaking for a little love is another structure that reinforces the poems meaning and show the despair that the poem communicates. The move away from the 1st person in the last two stanzas serves to provide a different perspective on the emotions discussed allowing a broader view than if the whole poem was in the first person, again this use of structure emphasises the underlying emotions. Although the structure of the poem contributes to its emotiveness the language is also essential to exhibit Rossettis passion. The natural imagery in the last three lines of each stanza contrast Rossetti to the natural world, they demonstrate how she feels left out of natural cycles by having no mate. There appears to be a longing to bear children in the last stanza, possibly Rossetti wishes not for the love of a partner but for the love of a child. Nature is usually associated with the idea of mating forShow MoreRelated Comparison of Remember and Sonnet Essay3207 Words   |  13 PagesRemember by Christina Rossetti and Sonnet by Elizabeth Barrett Browning, however at the same time there are distinct contrasts apparent. The title Sonnet -or often commonly known as How do I love thee- obviously introduces the piece in sonnet form. A sonnet is a fourteen-line poem in iambic pentameter with a carefully patterned rhyme scheme. The Italian or Petrarchan sonnet, named after Francesco Petrarch, an Italian poet from the thirteenth century was introduced into English poetry in the

Company Outsourcing Literature Review - Business Dissertations - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2046 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Outsourcing Robert and Gordon (1996) claims that outsourcing has expanded considerably over the last two decades. The reason behind this expansion is that economies of scale became more apparent in the recent years than it was earlier. Outsourcing is a management approach that involves delegation of an activity to an external service provider which was previously performed internally (Lankford and Parsa, 1999). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Company Outsourcing Literature Review Business Dissertations" essay for you Create order The activity must have been performed internally before outsourcing to third party. If the activity is delegated to another vendor without performing internally then it would be externalization rather than outsourcing. The term outsourcing itself shows from out source (i.e. external source). In the earlier phase of 1960, outsourcing was merely considered as contractual agreements wherein a supplier does processing or is providing services for another company. But, it is different from regular purchasing agreement as outsourcing is not selling off a part of the business. The Out-contracted services or processes must be replaced by the supplier in outsourcing. This is the basic difference between regular purchasing agreement and outsourcing. Outsourcing is not simply a make it or buy it decision, the activities outsourced must be of significant interest for the company (Bryce and Useem, 1998). The term outsourcing often leads to confusion in what is meant by outsourcing, when used in place of a more specific term (Andrade and Chapman, 1998). According to Johnson (1997): Contracting-out, contract manufacturing, employee leasing, sub-contracting, consulting, contract services and contract programming, are often mistaken as mere outsourcing as all of these items are similar to outsourcing. But, on the other hand these items bear different characteristics as well which differentiates them from outsourcing. 3.1.1 Motives for outsourcing A company will decide to outsource an activity when such an activity can be performed by other companies at a lower cost by using economies of scale (Kakabadse Kakabadse, 2002). Nowadays, companies use common sourcing strategy of outsourcing as a tactical quick fix at the times of financial difficulty and rely on outsourcing strategy to come out of financial crisis or provide cash infusions (Johnson, 1997). Outsourcing decision also erupts from the search for competitive advantage. Porter (1980) views that a company needs to identify its competitive advantage. Once the company identifies its core business activities then it can outsource other non-core activities to focus more on core businesses. According to Jumah and Wood (2000), smaller companies are likely to gain the best results from outsourcing. Their main motive is to prosper from the advantage of economies of scale. Smaller companies often find it difficult to achieve economies of scale within their internal activities and functions as they lack the ability. But, they are more flexible in absorbing change and innovations into their organisation. Thus outsourcing may come as a saviour for small companies to achieve functional efficiency similar to those of large companies (Jumah and Wood, 2000). Jumah and Wood (2000) argue that larger companies theoretically benefit less from outsourcing as compared to smaller companies in terms of cost reduction as large companies already enjoy the benefits of economies of scale in many cases or at least possess the capability or expertise to achieve it internally. In despite of this, the most frequent users of outsourcing are larger companies. There are apparently other reasons underlying for outsourcing other than realizing benefits of economies of scale from competitive advantage. According to Fan (2000) the other motives to outsource are: reduced costs, improved managerial focus, improvised quality, enhanced flexibility to facilitate change. Fill and Visser (2000) identifies the same drivers with some additions such as: increased knowledge and capacity, potential for creating strategic business alliance, reduction of investment, technical considerations, increased access to functional capacity, and fewer internal administrative problems. Outsourcing is generally accepted as a view of contracting out or disposing parts of business to achieve tactical benefits. However, Johnson (1997) in contrast cited a new view on outsourcing: viewing outsourcing as a way to offer structural change. According to the new approach, the company undertaking the activity (outsourcee) is viewed as being brought in by the outsourcer rather than contracted out. The author further developed these views and classified reasons to outsource into tactical and strategic reasons. Both these reasons differ from each other on the basis of their focus on short-term (tactical) and long-term (strategic) benefits. The tactical reasons for outsourcing comes from the functions outsourced which are beyond the control of the company and difficult to manage. Smaller companies generally go for outsourcing with the view of achieving economies of scale while large companies often benefit from outsourcing activities which are out of their control. Another reason of this category may be that the company outsource activity at times of financial distress to obtain capital funds for core activities. But, these tactical reasons to outsource are of short term nature (Douglas and Meehan, 2001). Apart from tactical reasons, there are other strategic reasons to outsource which focuses on longer term and are associated with gaining access to world-class knowledge and expertise, the risk sharing and the focus on core competencies. An organisation can reduce its risk significantly by means of outsourcing. The foremost strategic reason for outsourcing is to increase company focus on core competencies of the organization (Douglas and Meehan, 2001). Problems with outsourcing Outsourcing poses a number of rewards to an organisation such as cost reduction, focus on core competencies, improved quality. But, there are number of disadvantages also underlying to outsourcing namely enhanced dependency on supplier, employee redundancy, loss of control, increased expenditure due to hidden outsourcing costs (Douglas and Meehan, 2001). According to Prahalad and Hamel (1990) every organization needs to identify, cultivate and exploit their core competencies in order to grow. Competitive advantage might be lost if core business are outsourced. Therefore, it should be seen by the company that no mistakes are made in identifying core competence. Significant Knowledge of the company will fade off if core activities are outsourced which is difficult to rebuild once lost. Bonifaziet al.(2004) views ten traps in an outsourcing project that should be taken into consideration during the implementation of the project. To begin with, lack of management commitment; lack of communication plan; minimal knowledge and experience of supplier; failure to recognize outsourcing risks by companies; failure to obtain outside outsourcing professionals; failure to utilize internal resources by organizations; rushing through vendor selection; ignoring cultural differences; minimizing vendor productivity; the last trap described is the failure caused by not understanding the ongoing outsourcing relationship with the vendor. Diminishing quality service and insufficient flexibility in achieving the desired results also contributes towards outsourcing risks. All these risks should be considered at the time of contract formulation. By designing a proper contract outsourcing risks may be well protected (Andrade Chapman, 1998). The whole structure of the organization can be affected by a single outsourcing agreement. 3.1.3 Common Outcomes Outsourcing is a powerful corporate strategy that requires flexibility in the sense global business takes place. Used effectively, outsourcing can very well live up to the standards set in the beginning of the agreement (Bonifaziet al.,2004). But, if used ineffectively the agreement may culminate in search of another vendor or by bringing the outsourced activity back in-house (Andrade Chapman, 1998). Backsourcing Backsourcing currently lacks a common definition. However, Andrade Chapman (1998) gives a definition which is easier to understand once the term outsourcing is understood. He defines backsourcing as process of bringing back outsourced functions in-house. When an activity originally performed internally by the company and then contracted out to a vendor, is brought back in-house is referred to as backsourcing (Andrade Chapman, 1998). Backsourcing is often mistaken as insourcing. But, both of them deviate on the aspect that insourcing is bringing back the functions in-house that were never outsourced but initially contracted out while in backsourcing the functions that were outsourced is brought back home. In other words, in backsourcing the activities must have been previously outsourced. 3.2.1 Motivesfor Backsourcing A company may end an outsourcing contract even if everything was all right. The reasons being behind this may be that the company would have restructured its organization, might have entered a new market or would have been affected by law changes (Andrade Chapman, 1998). Some companies solve the problem of poor outsourcing results by bringing the outsourced function back home. Kakabadse Kakabadse (2002) points out that such a remedy is often costlier to the outsourcer and discomfit to the vendor. Despite, of heavy costs for reabsorbing many companies still choose to undergo for backsourcing. Reverting back the outsourced functions also raises finger on the organizations previous decision and judgement. However, press reports show that backsourcing is becoming common now-a-days (Wong, 2008). The various risks and problems associated with outsourcing explode motives for undertaking backsourcing. Deteriorating quality service and minimal elasticity in the agreement to respond to such deterioration is the single most common motive for backsourcing (Andrade Chapman, 1998). Loss of control, increased cost and trustworthiness are also drivers of backsourcing (Wong, 2008). According to Wong (2008) power and politics may also be a motive for backsourcing. He explains that power and politics among senior executives of the organization might play an important role at the time of outsourcing. When this set of executives are replaced by new executives who believe in internal development of an activity previously outsourced, then the strategy inside the company will change once again from outsourcing to backsourcing. In other words, embedding of knowledge about the outsourced function within the company may lead to backsourcing. Changes in vendor organization may also trigger backso urcing. If the vendor organization merges with other organization to form a new entity, then there is a possibility of change in perception of new entity. The changed perception of the new entity on ongoing outsourcing contract may create disputes between the parties leading towards backsourcing (Wong, 2008). Table 1.1 Illustration of Backsourcing cases Company Vendor Contract Reasons for Backsourcing Value Length Backsourced after (yrs) Change in orga nization structure Service Quality Loss Of Cont rol Cost Power politics Change in Vendor organisation JP Morgan Chase IBM $5b 7 2 x x x Mc Dermott ATT $600m 10 2 x x Lehman Brothers Wipro $100m Multi-year 1 x MONY CSC $210m 7 3 x x Sainsbury Accenture 1.7b 10 5 x x x Prudential Cap Gemini 55m 5 5 x Farmers Group IBM $150m 10 8 x x x 3.2.2 Backsourcing Implications The process of backsourcing can be a significant endeavour, but its activities are very intricate and require lot of attention together with hard work. If backsourcing plans are not formulated diligently, then it can easily cause employee fatigue (Azzouqa, 2008). According to Andrade Chapman (1998) staffing is the main issue since competence can rarely be found back-home. This is because at the time of outsourcing an activity, the staffs related to the activity is often either transferred to the vendor company or is resigned from the company. Therefore, one implication of backsourcing is to hire staff from the contractor or from the market. The process of hiring might not be successful as the personnel might not have preferred competence as required by backsourcing company (Andrade Chapman, 1998). As a result of backsourcing, companies have to pay huge compensation to the vendor company to reabsorb the outsourced activities back into the organization, if the contract is terminated before its expiry. The strategy of backsourcing can also be adopted after the expiry of contract. However, in this situation also the company has to bear high cost for re-insourcing (Wong, 2008). Thus, in the both the circumstances organizations have to incur huge expenses. For example, Farmers group paid $4 million as termination fees to IBM to extricate itself from its agreement (Overby, 2003 cited by Wong, 2008). Technology procurement is also a significant matter that should be addressed at the time of backsourcing an activity. When the activity is outsourced, the technology used to perform those activities is often sold since it is rarely of any use to company after discontinuation of activity. Therefore, bringing an activity back in-house whether in terms of backsourcing or insourcing would almost require acquiring new technology. This may again be a costlier practice for the company and can take long time to internalize technology within the organization (Andrade Chapman, 1998). However, reducing costs and control of operating costs are considered as most significant drivers of outsourcing (Fan, 2000).

Neither Black Nor White Free Essays

When focusing on racial identity, the use of appearances as signifiers of group membership is not always clear cut.   This relationship between appearances and individual identity choice becomes even more complex when we examine bi-racial identity.   Research on bi-racial identity has often cited the reactions of whites to bi-racial individuals, but with Joseph E. We will write a custom essay sample on Neither Black Nor White or any similar topic only for you Order Now Holloway’s novel Neither Black Nor White the politics of shin color among African Americans are look at.   His novel is an historical account of the Hadnot family whose migration from Gloucester England in 1585 to New Orleans describes a family that were never slaves, but owners of slaves.   They never thought of themselves as whites or as blacks, one parent that was white and one black to create a whole new identity. It is clear that there is only speculation as to the relationship between appearance and racial identity among bi-racial individuals.   There has been little to no theoretical development on this relationship.   One important distinction is that color is both a personal and a social characteristic.   That is one who perceives their skin color and one that interprets their appearance through the eyes of others within any given interactional sphere. Such as the Hadnot family, they interpreted their sense of belonging within their family structure.   It would be difficult for a person to choose an exclusively Black or exclusively White identity if their physical appearances do not match their chosen identity.   In the end literature on the appearance identity link is sparse and seriously underdeveloped. There is a love and hate relationship with this group on the one drop rule with skin color.   The argument is that a three leveled society existed in the South with the following hierarchy from highest to lowest status.   White, Mulattos, and Blacks, mixed race individuals often served as a buffer group between Whites and Blacks through which cross color interactions and business transactions could happen. This situation caused a preferential treatment of Mulattos by Whites and a generational advantage for Mulattos. Perhaps this was true for the Hadnot family in England but there were problems they had to face in New Orleans.   The foundation for a social and cultural system of color classisms within Black America was laid.   The author provided strong evidence that those members of the community with the lightest skin color and the most Caucasian looking features have been allowed the greatest freedoms and achieved at higher rates. There is argument that goes further to display the ways that darker-skinned members of the Black community discriminate against mixed-race individuals in the workplace, how patterns of dating with the community are tangled up with phenotype, how networks are constructed or dismantled on the basis of color classism and how culturally, Blacks use unique cultural coding, such as hair or first names, to distinguish between those who are black and those who are not. This is so because a bi-racial individual’s understanding of their own appearance seems to be rooted in others perceptions and assumptions of appearance and its link with identity. Appearance is distinctly more social than phenotypes because it is created by the bi-racial individual’s understanding of their skin color as conditioned through the judgments of others in interactions.   So we expect that it is appearance, not skin color, which will influence the racial identification of bi-racial, and that skin color works through one’s appearance to affect identity.   Mutual identification is critical to both identity construction and maintenance.   If an individual exists within a social context where bi-racial has a meaningful existence, then they may cultivate a border identity. If this cultural category does not exist and one becomes accustomed to and adept at switching from Black to White they will cultivate a protean identity, I think was evident in the novel Neither Black Nor White.   If their appearance is White then members may develop a transcendent identity, but only if their social context does not demand categorization.   If none of these options are available to an individual then the existing cultural norms dictate the racial identity above and beyond their appearance. Reading the novel and researching the meaning of the novel, colorism.   I love history and this historical novel put into perspective an issue I really had never thought of.   It gave the reader a good sense of what it was like being in limbo with your identity.   I was impressed with the research that went into writing this historical novel and with the detail to genealogy.   I recommend this book for all undergraduates to help understand racism and all of its hidden secrets. Reference: Davis, F.J. (1991)   Who is Black? One Nations Definition.   University Park, P.A.:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Pennsylvania State University Press. Holloway, J.E. (2006)   Neither Black Nor White.   C.A.: New World African Press. How to cite Neither Black Nor White, Essay examples

Compare and Contrast Two Renassaince Paintings Essay Example For Students

Compare and Contrast Two Renassaince Paintings Essay Chose for my Italian Renaissance painting the Birth of Venus. It was painted by Sandra Bottling, who lived from 1445 to 1510, with Tempera on canvas around 1484-86 and is currently located at the Galleria dogleg Fizz, Florence, chose tort my Northern Renaissance painting the Urination Wedding by Jan van Check, who lived from 1395 to 1441, Oil on oak panel of 3 vertical boards in 1434 and is currently located in the National Gallery, London. Bottling uses a more two dimensional background in his painting while van Check uses light and linear perspective to add a sense of depth to the room. Bottling does use some limited atmospheric perspective to the land mass in the distance but it still feels very flat. Bottling uses light to highlight certain items but does not use shadow consistently throughout. Van Check on the other hand uses the window as a light source and bases shadows off of that. Both paintings use posing that was popular for the time. In Birth of Venus however, Venus is posed in a very awkward position that would be difficult to hold, not to mention she is balancing on the edge Off clamshell in water. In Reincarnation Wedding the two main subjects are posed with his right hand raised ND her holding her dress in front Of her abdomen. She gives the appearance of being pregnant but numerous art historians state that was a popular pose during the period indicating her desire to bear children. Botulisms work is more of a mythical fantasy whereas van Check is more of an everyday scene rich with symbolism. Many art scholars have debated on the meaning of these items but only van Check knows for sure, While both works are amazing to look at, they show a significant difference between the Northern Renaissance artists and the Italians.